“@Truthseeker805 @infinitechan I typed in auth478-24zgp on google to see what popped up. （ 2013-10-22 ）. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users“At one time in Nov 2014 we said good things about Pale Moon. Updated 5 years 6 months ago Update Stat— 8chan (8ch. net）」のTwitterアカウント（@infinitechan）において「東京高等裁判所にて一審判決を破棄し、東京プラス社の請求がすべて棄却された」という趣旨の発表がなされた。2019年12月4日、「5channel (5ch. Gaming Club Member . It is essential to be aware that when. 8chanは「インターネットの最も暗い場所」（The Darkest Reaches of the Internet）を標榜しており、ルールも1つしかない。それはアメリカ合衆国法を遵守している限りは、あらゆるコンテンツの投稿が可能というものである [4] 。 これは基本的に著作権侵害と児童ポルノに関するものだと解釈されている. Whatever. r/catgirls has been banned. 0 references. bs Corp. The site has been linked to white supremacism, neo-Nazism, the alt-right, racism and antisemitism, hate crimes, and multiple mass shootings. just moved into dirty waters hosting w/ Media Land LLC, a known spam host mentioned in posts by . 該網站在 玩家門 事件中. Quoted By: I just wish there was a blue board equivalent to /hm/ and /s/ where we could post the 3D husbandos (and waifus). Conspiracies. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. InfiniteChan 07/29/22 . It was released on February 17, 2008 in the UK as a digital download. — 8chan (8ch. 5 centimetres (13. Next article Dayton Killer’s Ex-Girlfriend Speaks Out. Book about a child who for some reason is adopted by a large corporation, and the corporation manages every part of his life. ot: one who loves his or her country as long as he or she is getting paid” Young boys, mostly within the age of 13 or younger. *insert cricket noise* •°•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•° Lol. 8chan (or infinitechan), now known as. I didn't know I joined an Inktober contest until Mari told me. “We are dealing with a DDoS attack on ∞chan right now. To experts in online extremism, the continuing celebration on the Internet message board 8chan of last week's slaughter in New Zealand echoes another brand of terrorism — that carried out by. Posting reenabled. orgIn this conversation. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users“Those posts are NOT coming down, quit asking. 90. 4K visitors daily, generating a total of 95. In this conversation. Heya! It's been so long since I last posted something here. point in time. 8kun. 148. . Cada sub-fórum é moderado pelo seu proprietário, com interação mínima da administração do site. 8kun. Previous: View Gallery Random Image:“(Via @2022_Karma) Emboldened by @FBI inaction for his repeated death threats, Jim Watkins (@infinitechan) has posted a Philippine peso denominated bounty on my head as an 8chan ad. Savage Chara sat on the couch masturbating, Savage Frisk looks at Savage Chara with her left eye looking at the 120 inch dick and the right eye looking at his hair. 29 November 2017. 34. Cada sub-fórum é moderado pelo seu proprietário, com interação mínima da administração do site. Cloudflare said it did not take the decision lightly. co information at Website Informer. S. And r/soccer has the tagline "the back page of the internet. @infinitechan 本日、東京高等裁判所で西村博之氏が代表取締役を務める東京プラス株式会社から弊社に提起された訴訟について判決がございました。 東京高等裁判所が、東京地方裁判所の平成30年6月22日判決を取り消し、東京プラス株式会社の請求を全. — 8chan (8ch. A new re-worked version of my personal 8chan enhancer script, more dynamic and expansible, gorgeous too. After going offline in August 2019, the site rebranded itself as 8kun and was relaunched in November 2019. net) Verified account @infinitechan On ∞chan, you can make your own imageboard for free w/o experience or technical knowledge. What happened on May 18, 2019 that made InfiniteChan tweet "We are back online"? Find out the answer and follow the updates from the official account of the uncensored imageboard 8chan. 8chan was created in October 2013 by computer programmer Fredrick Brennan. Savage Frisk: Yo wtf? Savage Chara ignored her as he kept masterbating his over 9000 inch dick. As Cloudflare noted, there are plenty of other service providers out there that 8chan can use. net) (@infinitechan) 7 October 2019. Notify of {} [+] Δ {} [+] 0 Comments. En. . 5chの504エラーが出た時の対処法を解説！. One question tho: Should I cThe same thing that happened with r/4chan will happen with r/infinitechan. I've been gone for way too long haha,In the wake of GitLab deciding to remove the GG post and citing the Wikipedia article as their rationale (and Ryulong continuing his insanity), it's…Sorry at the messy drawing, that took me around 5 minutes to finish lmao1. 8kun （前称 8chan, Infinitechan 或 Infinitychan ）是一個美國 貼圖討論版 ，由用戶建立的討論版組成。. Conspiracies. Cyclical threads may be stickied and can last forever. Jim was awarded the Reed Irvine Accuracy in Media Award in 2013 and is the proud recipient of the Breitbart Award for Excellence in Online Journalism from the. 67. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. Here are six to check out right now. Her travelling companion, Stephane Masha Babko Rickrolling is a variation of the. Inspiration. Log in“FFS, imageboards are not "the chans. The song was released as the fourth single from their third studio album, Minutes to Midnight. Linkin Park. 過去には大規模障害も. 소유자는 각 게시판을 관리하며 사이트 관리에서는 최소한의 소통만 유지한다. net with your shared secret if you are interested in migrating your board to 8kun. 16%. " 36. Most chads and foids I know have deleted their kikebook and went to instagram and tinder to spread their shit opinions. At the moment, there is no evidence that this is an ongoing attack. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. . What happened on May 18, 2019 that made InfiniteChan tweet "We are back online"? Find out the answer and follow the updates from the official account of the uncensored. x; Dependencies. Python 2. ”The true answer. “@Popehat @angus_mccree @BenedictCruz11 @1SamHicks @daveexplosm @infinitechan @Cloudflare No, I don't give a shit what names people call me. 111Web Analysis for Infinitechan - infinitechan. net se queda sin espacio en la web después de la publica… Show LegalTech Radio, Ep LegalTech Radio 007 - Amazon y Apple, Scareware, Emojis alcances Legales, Viraltech - Aug 10, 2019“These boards are recovered now. 9. The domain 8ch. com. Catalog Mode. CNET reports that 8kun was registered with domain registrar Tucows on September 7. 8chan — the website connected to mass shootings and conspiracy theories — has relaunched as 8kun. 198. 1. An owner moderates. Also said: "Dear #gamergate people, I NEVER said "hatechan. " If it was heard that way, it was heard wrong. ne, dankon has an English equivalent. Subscribe. 1818. More was revealed in the following tweets. ”1. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 2022年7月27日. moe. 4. Whoever you are, having your friends spam us with requests and threats is not going to change this. @briankrebs. Posted by u/infinitechan - 25 votes and 15 comments“@DevinNunes @MarioLopezExtra @POTUS @USAttyHuber @IlhanMN @realDonaldTrump @DHSgov @NSAGov @TheJusticeDept @USMarshalsHQ @Jim_Jordan @AjitPaiFCC @FoxNews @ABC @TuckerCarlson @seanhannity @SaraCarterDC @jsolomonReports @WhiteHouse @thejointstaff @USMC. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users— 8chan (8ch. r/reclassified •. 8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan ), is an imageboard website composed of user-created message . Share your videos with friends, family, and the world Green Colocation Data Center - Hyperscale Level - Carier Neutral - 100% Renewable Energy - Best Location in Soutteast Europe - Remote Hands Included Internet. Omnichan. . net) (@infinitechan) October 7, 2019. While 4chan was already a popular site dedicated to free speech, Brennan was upset of 4chan because the site had become too restrictive. linkinpark . In this conversation. The site has been linked by some to white supremacism, neo. DA is a score that predicts the ranking potential of a website on search engine result pages (SERPs). 5,201. The topic has come up several times on other tor subs, I'm too lazy to find the others. 8chan. Launched in 2013, it is rife with racist and anti-Semitic conspiracy theories. The site claims to remove content only when it violates United States federal law, justifying this policy as the exercise of free speech. The common thread among all shooters is their identification as a white nationalist and their social media site affiliation with Infinitechan, where they hid their radical ideas. 12. 1. Consumer Electronics. 64. 8chan@infinitechan posted on Twitter last night: First Amendment Implications. 8kun, anteriormente chamado 8chan, Infinitechan ou Infinitychan (estilizado como ∞chan ), é um imageboard americano composto de sub-fóruns criados pelos usuários. He was also a member of Tasty Snax, a ska punk band. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. ???”8kun. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. Features. Most of the book is about his teenage years and emancipation from the corporation - and it includes tons of meetings about the kid's love life and potential colleges. CEO Matthew Prince told The Guardian on Saturday it would not be taking action. Infinitechan → 8chan – Proper site name per discussion. One of the worst offenders, one so toxic that it has already been forced from one crowdfunding service, is 8chan, also known as Infinitechan, an anonymous imageboard similar to 4chan. The site has been known. Posts are sorted by date and linked to the source material from Facebook. The website is currently blocked on most popular search engines, and lost access to network infrastructure providers such as Cloudflare and BitMitigate , as well as web. Applies to. 12/04/19. Are you interested in the history of 8chan, the controversial online forum that hosted various extremist communities? If so, you can visit where you can browse snapshots of the site from different dates and see how it evolved over time. Cloudflare's service. is service. 12. It did, however, nuke neo-Nazi hangout the Daily Stormer in August 2017 after the fatal far-right rally in Charlottesville months earlier. 8chan (8kun, Infinitechan, Infinitychan, ∞chan)은 사용자가 만든 메시지 보드로 구성된 미국 의 극우 이미지보드 웹사이트이다. org, using the archive. 82. top traffic has increased by 31. 74. net) (@infinitechan) August 5, 2019 It appears in that tweet that 8Chan is claiming that its shuttering by Cloudflare means it won’t be able to provide what federal investigators. Pastebin is a website where you can store text online for a set period of time. 8chan, beziehungsweise insbesondere sein Unterforum politically incorrect (/pol/), das größte Forum auf 8chan, wird vereinzelt als rechtsradikal eingestuft! Welcome to 8kun. The site linked to a page titled ‘Emma You Are Next’, and featured a four-leaf clover – the logo of 4chan (nowadays often referred to as halfchan, since the exodus to infinitechan/8chan started). 1K subscribers in the conspiracywhatever community. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users “Those posts are NOT coming down, quit asking. 8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan), is an imageboard website composed of user-created message boards. For some reason kikebook is less normie and more based than reddit. remain calm and report what you find people. Formerly of. One cannot just remember the different deep web links. At issue is the preservation of First Amendment rights. InfiniteChan . Welcome to 8kun. In this conversation. 8chan is still down on the web after several internet infrastructure companies like Cloudflare pulled their services to the site after the El Paso shooting. It also features a Best of the Best. [ 1] Para ter um conselho, é preciso criá-lo ou reivindicá-lo se o. ”In this conversation. He created the imageboard as an alternative to the free speech 4chan, while on influence of psychedelic mushrooms. 8chan. 3. 5:24 PM · Jan 18, 2015. Due to sites like Stormfront. 8. PowerInbox. This website is estimated worth of $ 8. org 12/11/2019. . Maldankon is also a way to let people know that their attempts at being helpful are actually making your life more difficult. Oof- finally posted something hehe °•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•°•° Demon Slayer is one of those animes that just made me so happy just by the characters (Zenitsu best character hands down XD), so then I got inspired making Nana as Nezuko. — 8chan (8ch. I'd venture to guess there were [4]. A Python API for 8chan. " Even if he did intend to steer the conversation away form the extremes, the time wasted by LW3 interrupting undid any efforts to. 504エラーは近年. com is 6 years 3 months old. . Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested usersWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. — 8chan (8ch. moe reaches roughly 315 users per day and delivers about 9,455 users each month. In this conversation. The White House on Wednesday said that President Trump does not support the raging hecklers who confronted a CNN reporter at a raucous rally in Florida Tuesday night — but then slammed the media. org is 5 years 4 months old. Thanks once again. Install this script? Ask a question, post a review, or report the script . 54K subscribers in the bioniclelego community. 0 references. 5,201. Whatever. Cada sub-fórum é moderado pelo seu proprietário, com interação mínima da administração do site. In this conversation. “ROSKOMNADZOR is driving me insane. Jim Hoft is the founder and editor of The Gateway Pundit, one of the top conservative news outlets in America. 94. net) (@infinitechan) March 16, 2019. Website. Es setzt sich aus von Nutzern erstellten Foren zusammen. 95 and have a daily income of around $ 0. Więcej pedofilów jest wśród kobiet, tylko ich nikt nawet nie podejżewa i z założenia nie są nawet obejmowane w statystykach bo już sperma odjebała do głowy! Społeczeństwo wmawia sobie i utwierdza się w przekonaniu że każda baba to jakiś święty i niewinny aniołek, a jak jeszcze jest troszkę ładniejsza to już w ogóle…. On ∞chan, you can make your own imageboard for free w/o experience or technical knowledge. Read. Whatever. 8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan), is an imageboard website composed of user-created message boards. 44. 2. 8chan is still down on the web after several internet infrastructure companies like Cloudflare pulled their services to the site after the El Paso shooting. Warning: some boards on 8kun might have content of an adult, mature, or offensive nature. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users“Why are @moot and @4chan so afraid of not being the only English language imageboard? From @_lainchan #poolesclosed”“/hwndu/ back online. Wew. net) (@infinitechan) August 6, 2019. netWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. “Tampa rally, live coverage,” wrote “Dan,” posting a link to President Trump’s Tampa speech in a thread on 8chan, an anonymous image board also known as Infinitechan or Infinitychan, which might be best described as the unglued twin of better-known 4chan, a message board already untethered from reality. 6. 8kun , previously called 8chan , Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan), is an. top receives approximately 46,020 unique visitors each day. Whatever. @infinitechan. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested users“. net) (@infinitechan) August 11, 2019. This forum was created and founded by SergeantIncel and Master as a better alternative to lookism websites of low quality. . About: 8chan. Es setzt sich aus von Nutzern erstellten Foren zusammen. What I find strange is I have tried to find out what happened to Huth since 2 years ago and I find absolutely nothing. 33. 8M Share Save Tweet PROTIP: Press the ← and → keys to navigate the gallery, 'g' to view the gallery, or 'r' to view a random image. Features. Whatever. 8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan ), is an imageboard website composed of user-created message boards. 145K subscribers in the KotakuInAction community. . Home Theater & Audio. As you can see. net) (@infinitechan) August 5, 2019 The gunman in the El Paso shooting, which left 20 people dead and dozens injured, is believed to have used 8chan to distribute a manifesto. @infinitechan. I'm finally done! :heart: :heart: :heart: Here you guys go~ Patch and Celestial's ship child~ I named her Nicole, because that's the first name that comes to my mind ^0^ Time taken: 2 hours. 74. just find someone else XD if your brave enoughMost of the imitator or successor boards have names that play on 4chan's name, like 420chan or infinitechan (also known as 8chan); such forums, collectively, are often called "chan" boards. Some images on this page are for members only, please sign up to see all images. Yeeee~ Chariel :heart: :heart: :heart: Decided to not draw Frans, cause why not? XD had a little help from Shipper on choosing what ship I'll draw~ Hope you guys like it ^^ Time taken: It took me 2 days of finishing this because of laziness uwu. The zucc grasp is loosening in favor of foid controlled sites. @piefke4 Technically, the rollover occurs at the bump limit for the board. “The Supreme Court told us in Reno v. Her name doesn’t appear in VA courts either. net) (@infinitechan) August 5, 2019. 1. Copied;White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders denounced conspiracy theorists and other fringe groups a day after believers in “QAnon” showed up at a Trump rally in Florida Tuesday. Materials used: Pencil. Keywords: 8ch, anonymous, Board, imageboard, 8chan, infinitechan, 8chan. Một trong những người dùng 4chan trước đây, Fredrick "Hotwheels" Brennan, cho biết ông đã hình dung ra một sự thay thế trong chuyến đi nấm ảo giác vào năm 2013. Learn about Chan Imageboards, the key players, language, how they are evolving on the darknet, and. QAnon believers connect Ukraine to the infamous ‘server’. 8kun. 建立每个版的用户会自动成为该版的版主，而网站的管理员甚少介入版内的管理工作。. どうもこんにちは、管理人のけいすけです。. T. Media in category "8chan" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. 105. In this conversation. We're actually just a 2hr drive from North Korea now! Sorry #Qanons, there was never a plan to trust. After. Watkins uploaded a video on the same day saying the site. tri. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"YChan":{"items":[{"name":"Properties","path":"YChan/Properties","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"icons","path. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested usersWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Hola is a free and ad-free VPN proxy service that. I believe posting the words "8chan" and "infinitechan" still get you an automatic warning or ban,. Después de desconectarse en agosto de 2019, el sitio cambió su nombre a 8kun y se relanzó en noviembre de 2019. Texts icon. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested usersIn this conversation. “Apparently you can get banned for "participating in or instigating a flame war" on @4chan. On March 15, 2019, the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings uploaded his manifesto onto 8chan's /pol/ board and linked a stream of his actions. 建立每個版的用戶會自動成為該版的版主，而網站的管理員甚少介入版內的管理工作。. " Even if he did intend to steer the conversation away form the extremes, the time wasted by LW3 interrupting undid any efforts to do so. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. We no longer recommend any particular browser. 1K subscribers in the conspiracywhatever community. After going offline in August 2019, the site rebranded itself as 8kun and was relaunched in November 2019. {"payload":{"allShortcutsEnabled":false,"fileTree":{"YChan":{"items":[{"name":"Properties","path":"YChan/Properties","contentType":"directory"},{"name":"icons","path. point in time. [1]Also known as Infinitechan or Infinitychan, 8chan was founded in 2013 by computer programmer and self-proclaimed eugenicist Fredrick Brennan in a bid to ensure total free speech online, The. @infinitechan I wouldn't do that. 6 in) in circumference. 任何符合美国法律的内容均可发布到该网站上。. Tasty Snax. For ecchi themed shota pics use . Infinitechan → 8chan – Proper site name per discussion. Verified account Protected Tweets @; Suggested usersIn this conversation. Conspiracies. 5,436. Strawberry Taffy™ @bertulf96. pay. An illustration of an open book. infinitechan. Video icon. Thank you for the lesson. It's the sports page here. 8kun, anteriormente chamado 8chan, Infinitechan ou Infinitychan (estilizado como ∞chan ), é um imageboard americano composto de sub-fóruns criados pelos usuários. org, using the archive. 190. See full list on en. onion Go to #8kun unless JEWS does something stupid8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan , is an imageboard website composed of user-created message boards. 7. 8kun （前称 8chan, Infinitechan 或 Infinitychan ）是一個美國 貼圖討論版 ，由用戶建立的討論版組成。. The latest tweets from @infinitechan 8chan, also known as InfiniteChan and ∞chan, is an anonymous image board that allows users to create and moderate their own custom boards. Access websites blocked or censored in your country, company or school and stream media with the free Hola Unblocker VPN proxy service. En este canal encontrarás subtitulado al español:-ERES MI OPPA de Infinite, son solo 8 episodios de este reality que trata de los chicos de Infinite cuidando. 0 0 votes. Pero lo más llamativo del caso es que los tres manifiestos se publicaron en la misma plataforma digital: 8chan. 8kun mantiene parte del equipo que administraba 8chan, donde incluso se cuenta con Ron Watkins, el hijo del dueño de 8chan, Jim Watkins. Due to sites like Stormfront. 8chan, also called Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan) is a controversial imageboard that has been linked to white supremacy, racism, and several mass shootings. Stop spamming and kill yourselves. ”Keywords: google, anonymous, Board, imageboard, infinitechan, fullchan, 8kun, 8kun net, taimanin viewer rpgx mega, taimanin rpgx viewer1. On 8kun, you can create your own imageboard for free with no experience or programming knowledge needed. Industrial Technology. Business, Economics, and FinanceInfinite (Sonic Forces) Images. Ils abandonnent 8chan. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. ” “Posting is slow because of server overload due to heavy traffic. Anyways, set those things aside I hope you like this art of mine~ Share to. co was registered by New York-based computer programmer Fredrick Brennan on October 22nd after moot took down all the gamer gate threads Many users subsequently flocked to 8chan as an alternative image board with fewer restrictions, began to mockingly refer to 4chan as “halfchan” and lamented the site’s demise with the. Wew, I finally finish this ^0^ yay! It was a request from this lovely person right here~ Neko Tris!!! Here you go guys! Some Friskriel! ^0^ Huhu I'm not so sure if this is goofy enough or something so I apologize in advance ;-; Time taken: 3. Hope ya'll like it :D Edit: Thank you for the featNgười sáng tạo 4chan Chris Poole phát biểu tại hội nghị TechCrunch Disrupt năm 2010. An owner moderates each board, with minimal interaction from site administration. An illustration of two cells of a film strip. org is a male self-improvement forum for men, where users can freely discuss many looksmaxxing methods such as surgery, fitness, and nutrition, as well as moneymaxxing. It would be 4chan with even fewer guardrails, and it would be a site that would allow. Also said: "Dear #gamergate people, I NEVER said "hatechan. We are working on restoring it. 2019년 8월 오프라인으로 접어든뒤, 이 사이트자체는 8kun으로 이름바꿨으며, 2019년 11월 다시 열었다. aiMeteora|20 out now: | Linkin Park. Happier (Undertale Animatic) Yeyyy!!! I've posted again!!! :two_hearts: Hope you guys have a very happy Christmas and a prosperous New Year :two_hearts: the holidays just made me want to make a new animatic and here it is! Hope you guys would like it :) Time Taken: 2 weeks App Used: Ibis Paint and Video Maker You. {{tabLabel}}. Brennan, who considered the imageboard 4chan to have grown into authoritarianism, describe…The latest tweets from @infinitechan8chan, also known as InfiniteChan and ∞chan, is an anonymous image board that allows users to create and moderate their own custom boards. 15. Aug 6, 2019, 11:20 PM EDT. Graphic Design & Video Editing. 8chan (8ch. 8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan ), is an imageboard website composed of user-created message boards. As no active threats were reported recently by users, infinitechan. Domain Authority (DA) is a metric developed by Moz. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. 8kun, previously called. After going offline in August 2019, the site rebranded itself as 8kun and was relaunched in November 2019. ”Add this topic to your repo To associate your repository with the infinitychan topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics. Here to celebrate a brand new year with a new art style (I mean better late than never, right? :joy: :sweat_smile: ) JK I really have no idea if this art style would be permanent or temporary. Keep in mind the English 4th Estate is the concurrent counterpart of the medieval banking system. point in time. El motivo: al atacante detenido por haber asesinado este sábado a 20 personas en un supermercado de El Paso (Texas, Estados Unidos) se le atribuye un. 8kun, previously called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan), is an imageboard website composed of user-created message boards. Another popular anon imageboard is 2chan, which was launched in 1999 and is one of the largest internet forums in Japan. net) (@infinitechan) August 5, 2019. In this conversation. 8kun, anciennement 8chan, également appelé Infinitechan ou Infinitychan (parfois écrit ∞chan), est un site américain d'imageboards créés par les utilisateurs.